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Henrietta Lacks, née Loretta Pleasant, (lahir 1 Ogos 1920, Roanoke, Virginia, AS — meninggal dunia pada 4 Oktober 1951, Baltimore, Maryland), wanita Amerika yang sel barah serviksnya menjadi sumber barisan sel HeLa, penyelidikan yang menyumbang banyak kemajuan ilmiah yang penting.
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Wajah Amerika yang terkenal: Fakta atau Fiksyen?
Clarence Darrow adalah pendakwa abad ke-19 yang terkenal.
Setelah ibunya meninggal dunia ketika melahirkan pada tahun 1924, bapanya berpindah bersama 10 anaknya ke Clover, Virginia, di mana dia membahagikan mereka di antara saudara-mara yang akan dibesarkan. Oleh itu, Henrietta dibesarkan oleh datuknya, yang juga menjaga cucu lain, sepupu Henrietta, David, yang dikenal sebagai Day. Henrietta dan Day berkahwin pada 10 April 1941. Didorong oleh sepupu, Day segera berpindah ke utara ke Maryland untuk bekerja di kilang keluli Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point, yang berkembang pesat dengan permintaan yang dihasilkan oleh Perang Dunia II. Tidak lama kemudian Henrietta dan anak-anak pasangan itu bergabung dengan Day di Turner Station, Maryland, sebuah komuniti di luar Baltimore di mana banyak pekerja besi Amerika Afrika tinggal.
Sebelum kehamilannya yang kelima, Henrietta merasakan adanya "simpul" di dalam dirinya, dan pendarahan yang membimbangkan dan bukti adanya benjolan pada serviksnya beberapa bulan setelah melahirkan akhirnya menghantar Henrietta ke dokternya. Dia dirujuk ke jabatan ginekologi di Johns Hopkins Hospital di Baltimore, di mana pada bulan Februari 1951, biopsi menunjukkan adanya tumor serviks yang tidak dapat dikesan oleh doktor pada saat kelahiran anaknya pada 19 September 1950, dan sebagai berikut -pemeriksaan enam minggu kemudian.
After further tests, Henrietta received the first of several radium treatments, the standard of care for the day, which involved stitching small glass tubes of the radioactive metal secured in fabric pouches—called Brack plaques—to the cervix. While performing the procedure, the surgeon extracted two small tissue samples: one from Henrietta’s tumour and one from healthy cervical tissue close by. The samples from Henrietta’s cervix were among many extracted for physician George Gey, the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins, who was searching for an “immortal” cell line for use in cancer research. Unlike previous samples, Henrietta’s cancerous cells—called HeLa, from Henrietta Lacks—not only survived but also multiplied at an extraordinary rate. Henrietta herself was unaware that any sample had been taken; at that time it was not uncommon to study patients and their tissues without their knowledge or consent (see Tuskegee syphilis study).
While her cells thrived, Henrietta declined. By September the cancer had spread throughout her body, and early the following month Henrietta died. However, the HeLa cells, famed for their longevity,continued to thrive in culture long after Henrietta’s death. HeLa became a ubiquitous study material, contributing to the development of drugs for numerous ailments, including polio, Parkinson disease, and leukemia. In spite of this, until the 1970s Henrietta’s role was unknown even to her family. In the 21st century Henrietta’s case was an important component in the debate surrounding informed consent from patients for the extraction and use of cells in research. In 2013 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) granted the Lacks family control over how data on the HeLa cell genome would be used (the genome of a HeLa cell line had been sequenced in full earlier that year). Two members of the Lacks family formed part of the NIH’s HeLa Genome Data Access working group, which reviewed researchers’ applications for access to the HeLa sequence information.
